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The Bain Marie Copper Alembic Stills Still, also known as the bain-marie still, is a type of distiller that uses the concept of a water bath to indirectly heat the mixture that will be distilled. This method is particularly useful for distilling substances sensitive to direct heat, which could burn or undergo thermal degradation if exposed to abruptly high temperatures.
External Boiler
Reservoir containing water or other heating fluid.
Inner Container
Where the mixture to be distilled is placed.
Condenser
A separate part of the still where the vapors are cooled and condensed back into liquid.
The distillation process in a water bath still involves placing the material to be distilled into a container which is, in turn, placed into another larger container containing water or another liquid. By heating the outer liquid, the heat is transferred smoothly and evenly to the inner vessel, preventing direct overheating of the distillation mixture.
This system works with a double boiler in which it is bathed in water. The still has an exhaust tube to release the excessive pressure generated in the external chamber. As the external boiler contains water, it is necessary to monitor its temperature and at the end of each distillation, the existing water level must be checked, as it is necessary to replace the amount of water that has evaporated. The double chamber system prevents direct contact of the materials being distilled with the heat source, avoiding the risk of burning and providing a uniform and constant temperature, essential for the distillation process and obtaining a clean and pure distillate.
During the distillation process, the temperature and level of the water present in the external chamber must be constantly monitored, preventing the still from running out of the amount of water necessary to carry out the distillation (¾ of the capacity of the external chamber). The Banho-Maria Alembic has a large discharge pipe in the internal chamber, which aims to assist the distiller's task, as well as two plugs in the external chamber, one in the upper part, for inserting water and another in the lower part, for discharging it. . The swan neck was placed at the top of the device, at the highest point of the distillation, in order to increase the purity of the distillate. The copper used in the construction of these stills is thicker and an excellent conductor capable of withstanding the pressure generated in the external chamber of the still. Furthermore, the still is welded with brass solder, in order to reinforce the joints.
Precautions: Take all precautions when using this still, which must not be neglected, and constantly monitor the temperature, so that there is no danger of creating excessive pressure capable of boosting the external chamber. There must be some pressure inside this external chamber, but not too much, so the distiller must make sure that the water is not boiling uncontrollably, otherwise the excessive pressure created could cause the still to explode, which could result in damage and burns to objects and people around you. Also pay attention to the hot vapors released from the exhaust pipe opening, as these can also cause burns.
- Uniform Heat Distribution: Reduces the risk of burning the mixture, especially important for the distillation of wines or liqueurs with sugar residues.
- Temperature Control: Allows more precise control of the heating temperature, which is crucial for obtaining high quality distillates.
- Gentle Distillation: Ideal for essential oils, herbs, and other delicate substances that require more controlled heating to preserve their aromas and properties.
The use of Water Sealing Copper is common in the production of high-quality distilled beverages, such as whiskeys and cognacs, where temperature control during the distillation process is essential to preserve the complex flavors and aromas. Additionally, it is also a popular choice for essential oil production, as many volatile compounds can be easily degraded or altered by excessive heat.
When choosing a water bath still for commercial or personal use, consideration must be given to the material of construction (with copper often being preferred due to its thermal and reactive properties), the size and capacity of the system, as well as the efficiency of the condenser. The price of a water bath still can be higher than traditional straight stills due to its more complex construction and the effectiveness it offers in producing high-quality spirits.
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